Hana ʻia

I nā makahiki he 35 i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila i nā loli nui.Ma 1980 716 miliona tonnes o ke kila i hana ʻia a ʻo kēia mau ʻāina i waena o nā alakaʻi: USSR (21% o ka hana kila honua), Iapana (16%), USA (14%), Kelemānia (6%), Kina (5% ), Italia (4%), Palani a me Polani (3%), Kanada a me Palakila (2%).Wahi a ka World Steel Association (WSA), i ka makahiki 2014 ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana kila honua i 1665 mln tonnes - he 1% piʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2013. Ua loli nui ka papa inoa o nā ʻāina alakaʻi.Ke kūlana mua ʻo Kina a ʻoi loa ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe (60% o ka hana kila honua), ʻo ka māhele o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe mai ka top-10 he 2-8% - Iapana (8%), USA a me India (6%), Hema. ʻO Korea a me Rūsia (5%), Kelemānia (3%), Turkey, Brazil a me Taiwan (2%) (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2).Ma waho aʻe o Kina, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻoikaika i ko lākou kūlana ma ka top-10 ʻo India, South Korea, Brazil a me Turkey.

Hoʻohana

ʻO ka hao ma kona ʻano a pau (ka hao, ke kila a me ka metala ʻōwili) ʻo ia ka mea hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻokele waiwai honua hou.Mālama ʻo ia i ke kūlana alakaʻi ma mua o ka lāʻau, hoʻokūkū me ka sima a me ka launa pū ʻana me ia (ferroconcrete), a ke hoʻokūkū nei me nā ʻano mea hana hou (polimers, ceramics).No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻohana ka ʻoihana ʻenehana i nā mea ferrous ma mua o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila honua e kahi ʻano piʻi.ʻO ka awelika ulu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka makahiki 2014 he 3%.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ulu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia (2%).ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana kila (1,133 mln tonnes) nā ʻāina kūkulu.